Eye surgeons. Ophthalmologists are medical (MD) or osteopathic doctors (OD) who specialize in eye and vision care for every stage of life. Ophthalmologists are the only eye care specialists specially trained to provide the full spectrum of eye care—from prescribing glasses and contact lenses to complex and delicate eye surgery. Many ophthalmologists are also involved in scientific research into the causes and cures for eye diseases and vision problems.

Optometrists receive a Doctor of Optometry (OD) degree and are licensed to practice optometry, not medicine or surgery. The practice of optometry traditionally involves examining the eye for the purpose of prescribing and dispensing corrective lenses, screening vision to detect certain eye abnormalities, and prescribing medications for certain eye diseases.

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Eyewear technicians. Opticians are trained to design, verify and fit eyeglass lenses and frames, contact lenses, and other devices to correct eyesight. They use prescriptions supplied by ophthalmologists or optometrists. They do not test vision or write prescriptions for visual corrections. Opticians are not permitted to diagnose or treat eye diseases.

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